Annals of Multidisciplinary Research, Innovation and Technology (AMRIT)
ISSN: 2583-4657 (Online)
Volume 3 Issue 1 (January to June, 2024)
Contents
(19 articles in this issue)
REVIEW ARTICLE: Open access
MITOCHONDRIA AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Mitochondria as Therapeutic Targets for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. (Page 01 - 06)
Sagar Ramrao Barge1, Narayan Chandra Talukdar2
1Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and 2Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
1Food Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India, and 2Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, 2Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA, 3Dept. of Pharmacology toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY40202, USA, 4Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, 5Department of Medicine, BIDMC/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, 6Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Delaware, USA, 7Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati- 781035, Assam, India
1Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam-784001, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam- 786004, India, 3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science and Centre for Research on Ethnomedicine, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
1ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India, 2ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Deemed University, Izatnagar, Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh, India, 3Assam University Silchar - 788011, Assam, India, 4Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
1Animal Health Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam- 781131, India, 2 College of Veterinary Science Animal Husbandry, Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Gujarat-388110, India
Starch Hydrolysis and Alpha-Amylase Activity of Trichoderma viride (AUFS1). (Page 63 - 66)
Dhruba Sharma1, Awdhesh Kumar Shukla2
1Directorate of Research, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, 2Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkanthak, Madhya Pradesh, India
Assessment of Awareness about Warning Signs of Common Cancer among the Housekeeping Staff in Selected Hospitals of Jamshedpur City of Jharkhand in India. (Page 73 - 76)
Exploration of Reminiscences for Restructuring Temperament and Exhibiting Discernible Aspirations by Tourists. (Page 77 - 82)
Trina Deka1, Sudhanshu Verma2
1Faculty of Commerce and Management, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, and 2Faculty of Management Studies, Narayan Academy of Managerial Excellence, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Gopal Narayan Medical College Jamuhar, Rohtas, Bihar- 821305, India
Knowledge Assessment of Nursing Students after a Structured Teaching Programme on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection. (Page 83 - 86)
Pdianghun Mary Kharkongor and Manashi Sengupta
Faculty of Nursing, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
Assessment of Deleterious Effect of Usage of Marijuana among Young Adults with Participatory approach. (Page 87 - 91)
Prateeti Barman1 and Mituso Kri2
1Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India and 2Arunachal Pradesh De - Addiction Center, Tezu 792001, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Common Index-Based Methods of Flood Mapping by Optical Satellite Sensors: A Review of the Merits. (Page 92 - 97)
Arnob Bormudoi 1,2
1Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, 2Center for Research and Application of Satellite Remote Sensing, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India, and 2 Royal School of Pharmacy, Assam Royal Global University, NH-37, Betkuchi, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
Mitochondria as Therapeutic Targets for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Sagar Ramrao Barge, Narayan Chandra Talukdar
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by impaired insulin action in target tissues, leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism and metabolic dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a central player in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, influencing cellular bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of the intricate interplay between mitochondria and insulin resistance in T2DM, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved and exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance, including alterations in mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics, as well as the signalling pathways linking mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired insulin action. Furthermore, we examine various mitochondria-targeted interventions, such as mitochondrial antioxidants, modulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy enhancers, and agents targeting mitochondrial dynamics, and their efficacy in preclinical insulin resistance and T2DM models.
Effective methods for identifying, averting, and reducing foodborne diseases are necessary to ensure the safety of meat products, which is crucial for maintaining public health. Omics technologies have become such effective instruments for tackling the intricate problems related to meat safety in recent times. In order to improve meat safety, this review offers a comprehensive account of recent developments in the fields of genomics, metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Omics technologies are indispensable for ensuring meat safety as their holistic approach provides a deep understanding of meat composition and microbial dynamics, enabling targeted interventions to minimize food safety hazards. Continued research and innovation in omics hold promise for further enhancing meat safety and safeguarding public health. By overcoming the identified obstacles, omics technologies have the potential to revolutionize meat safety assessment and ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality meat products to consumers. In order to promote the continued application of these methods, scientific training programs that bridge the gaps in omics technologies, bioinformatics, and food and public health microbiology are advocated.
Keywords:Meat quality and safety, Multi-Omic, Omics technology, Public health food microbiology
Emerging Natural and Synthetic Compounds in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a prevalent and threatening complication of diabetes, characterized by nerve damage resulting from chronic hyperglycemic conditions. Key factor in the pathogenesis of DN includes oxidative stress and inflammation, contributes to cellular damage (CD). Oxidative stress, chromatized by imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leads to CD, while inflammation driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines, exacerbates the damage. Various factors, such as hyperglycemia-induced DNA damage, activation of transcription factors like NF-kB and Nrf2, and dysregulation of cytokine production contribute to the progression of DN. In this context, natural products and/or synthesized small molecules have garnered attention for their potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in DN. Natural products and synthesized small molecules have garnered attention for their potential in mitigrating oxidative stress and inflammation in DN. Compounds like sulforaphane, mangiferin, calpain, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thus showing promise in alleviating DN symptoms. Furthermore, various small molecules and herbal extracts have demonstrated efficacy in reducing oxidative stress, modulating cytokine levels, and improving nerve function in experimental models of DN. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathways involved in DN pathogenesis, such as the PARP inhibitor nicotinamide and the antioxidant melatonin, have shown promising results in ameliorating functional deficits and biochemical alterations associated with DN. This review aims to understanding the interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation and further exploration of natural products and synthesized small molecules as potential therapeutic agents for DN management.
More than 230 countries suffered huge casualties due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) that resulted from severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Although symptom-directed supportive measures were utilized, however, unavailability of therapeutical treatment has posed a serious threat to mankind and the researchers/doctors to save people’s life and contain the widespread contamination worldwide. Presently, the majority of the research is involved in the development of a vaccine or antiviral drugs against COVID 19. Cell surface toll-like receptors (TLRs) may be poised as a promising therapeutic target due to their involvement in recognizing molecular patterns from SARS-CoV-2 bound to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-II in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), one of the characteristic features of COVID 19. Different members of the TLR family act differently in the disease progression of COVID 19, so studying their molecular mechanism will immensely help in developing an effective anti-COVID 19 therapeutic strategy. A plethora of reports found in the literature explain the relation between TLR and SARS-CoV-2, however, there is a lack of a comprehensive review that co-relates these available reports. Therefore, taking into account all these aspects, the present mini-review aims in establishing a potential association among ARDS, TLR, and SARS-CoV-2 based on pharmacological rationale and phylogenetic screening to pave a way for therapeutic strategy against COVID 19.
Cancer stands as the second most prevalent cause of significant global mortality annually, leading to a substantial loss of lives. As a result of its remarkable impact, it has become a major illness burden, exacerbated by the shortcomings in current treatment methods. Contemporary cancer treatments within allopathic medicine are associated with high costs, the anifestation of side effects, and the potential for alterations in normal functional genes. Natural compounds derived from medicinal plant have garnered considerable attention for their potential anticancer properties. Nimbolide, which is a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), has emerged as a promising element for cancer treatment because of its diverse pharmacological activities and minimal toxicity. A multitude of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated compelling evidence of nimbolide supporting anti-cancer activity against various types of cancer, indicating its potential chemopreventive efficacy. This organic compound has exhibited noteworthy capabilities including the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, preventing metastasis and angiogenesis. This review aims to give a comprehensive synopsis of the current discernment regarding the inhibitory effects of nimbolide on cancer cells.
Small ruminant plays a key role in human civilization and Eastern India is enriched with some well-characterized sheep breeds having a high potential for their meat, fibre, disease resistance and fecundity. Despite their importance, however, the origin of these sheep breeds remained poorly understood. To address this gap, this study was conducted to assess the phylogenetic history and population structure of these breeds by sequencing the d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Phylogenetic analysis and sequence evolution revealed divergent lineages of these three breeds. The patterns of these breeds’mtDNA diversity suggest that all the expansions were relatively recent for two breeds lineages (Chottanagpuri and Bonpala) than the third breed (Garole). These findings also suggest that the strains of wild sheep from which these breeds of sheep originated were urial groups of sheep. Overall, this study sheds light on the genetic history and relationships of Eastern Indian sheep breeds, providing insights into their evolutionary origins and population dynamics. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and heritage of these important animal genetic resources.
Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles for the Development of Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Minakshee Sarma, Nairika Deka, Sunandan Baruah
Abstract
Tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2 Nanoparticles) are wide-bandgap semiconductor material that can be used in various applications in photodetector in Ultraviolet (UV) range below 400 nm wave length. In the present work, SnO2 NPs were used as UV sensing material integrated in a sensor setup. The SnO2 NPs were imaged through Transmission Electron Microscopy from which the diameter of the spherical nanoparticles was measured to be 50nm. The optical bandgap was calculated from UV-visible spectrograph to be 4.48 eV using Tauc plot. The response of the SnO2 NPs based photodetector was observed after illumination using a UV light (10 lumen on the sensor). The transition time of the photodetector was found to be 1 sec and maximum current recorded was 0.1 mA.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is an important threat to the entire swine industry, leading to substantial revenue losses resulting from poor reproductive efficiency, increased mortality rates, and poor growth and development in infected pigs. The development of visual detection aids is critical to the rapid and precise diagnosis of PRRSV infections, allowing for early intervention to limit disease transmission and reduce economic losses. Polymerase Spiral Reaction (PSR), a promising molecular diagnostic approach, combines the selectivity of PCR and the simplicity of isothermal amplification methods. In this study, we designed a PSR-based visual detection assay based on isothermal amplification. The specificity of the developed PSR assay was validated against confirmed positive samples obtained from African Swine Fever virus (ASFV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Classical Swine Fever virus. The sensitivity of PSR viral nucleic acid was determined to be 101 copies/µl utilizing an in-house designed PSR assay.
Starch Hydrolysis and Alpha-Amylase Activity of Trichoderma viride (AUFS1)
Dhruba Sharma, Awdhesh Kumar Shukla
Abstract
Quantification of starch hydrolysis and alpha-amylase activity of Trichoderma viride under laboratory assay conditions was studied by culturing the AUFS1 strain of T. viride in fungal growth medium. Two percent starch was used as the substrate for amylase activity. The pH and salt concentration were maintained at 6.5 and 1.2%, respectively, and the incubation temperature was maintained at 30°C. Starch hydrolysis activity was measured based on the decrease in iodine staining of starch, and α-amylase activity was measured using dinitro salicylic acid. Color intensity was measured at 660 nm for iodine and 540 nm for α-amylase activity, respectively. Starch hydrolysis activity was found to be maximum after the 9th day of incubation, but the crude enzyme extract of the 10th day-old culture showed maximum activity. In the case of α-amylase, maximum activity was recorded from the 9th to the 12th days of incubation, while the crude enzyme extract of the 6-8 days old culture showed maximum activity. Protease activity was found to be positively correlated with starch hydrolysis and α-amylase activity. Amylase activity of the T. viride strain (AUFS1) was enhanced with an increase in the incubation period. Higher amylase activity was recorded between the 8th and 11th days of incubation, and the crude enzyme extract of the 6-8 days old culture had maximum amylase activity. Starch hydrolysis activity was positively correlated with α-amylase activity. This initial study shows that the above strain of T. viride has the potential to be used for industrial applications.
Value Addition of Healthy ‘Idli’ Mix Through Fortification of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
Ritismita Devi, Daisy Sharma, Manash Pratim Sarma
Abstract
‘Idli’ is a morning dish that is mostly consumed in almost all parts of India. Being a fermented food prepared from rice and black gram dal, complex carbohydrates in them are converted to simple sugars during the fermentation process. In the current formulation, Idli is prepared using the regular raw materials, bamboo shoot and pumpkin in a way for value addition. Fermentation in Idli contains lactic acid which aids in the synthesis of vitamins and minerals along calories, protein and other nutrients. As because Idli is fat and cholesterol free, it is a great addition to a diet that is heart-healthy. Due to their antioxidant activity, polysaccharide, pectin, and dietary fibre content, as well as the high concentration of minerals, vitamins, and other healthy compounds, carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids are becoming more and more significant. Similar to this, bamboo shoots have high protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and fibre content and minerals like potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, and others having variety of positive health effects. Analysis of the three formulations of Idli mix with varying level of fortification using pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) revealed that the product with the composition of 30g rice, 50g moong dal, 15g bamboo shoot and 5g pumpkin per 100g had the highest score for sensory attributes. Upon nutrient analysis, the moisture content was found to be 8%, ash content 13.1%, protein 21.12%, carbohydrate 56.09%, soluble dietary fibre 2.91%, insoluble dietary fibre 12.33%, and total dietary fibre to be 15.24%.
Assessment of Awareness about Warning Signs of Common Cancer among the Housekeeping Staff in Selected Hospitals of Jamshedpur City of Jharkhand in India
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Incidence of cancer is increasing, and cancer prevention should be a priority of health programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 emphasized on cancer prevention and quality of life for cancer patients and predicted that about 40% of the deaths caused by cancers can be prevented by controlling the risk factors and one third of disease load can be reduced with treatment and timely diagnosis. Success in early detection of cancer largely depends on people’s awareness of the early warning signs of common cancer. This study is aimed at determining the awareness about warning signs of common cancer among housekeeping staff and its association with selected demographic variables. The research design was descriptive and was carried out by adopting survey approach and the study was conducted on 100 housekeeping staff from selected hospitals of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Self-structured questionnaire was used for assessing the awareness on the warning signs of Common Cancer in terms of score among the hospital housekeeping staff. The mean score of awareness was found to be 15.4 (SD±4). The results showed that 55 (55%) participants got above the mean score (15.4) and 45 (45%) participants got below the mean score (15.4) value. The association between awareness score and selected demographic variables showed that educational qualification, area of working, family history of cancer, and awareness session attended by the staff in last two years had significant relationship with awareness in terms of score at 0.05 level of significance.
Keywords:Cancer warning signs, Common cancer, Hospital housekeeping staff.
Exploration of reminiscences for restructuring temperament and exhibiting discernible aspirations by tourists
Trina Deka and Sudhanshu Verma
Abstract
Capturing and sharing unforgettable experiences with our loved ones gives euphoria to most humans and allows them to revisit the happy moments, and is a prodigious method to inspire travel to various tourist destinations, instilling changes in the attitude and behavior of a tourist. The purpose of this study is to use a descriptive design to explain the mood-restorative role of tourism memory, different facets of memory, and the emotional and behavioural ramifications of different facets of tourism memory. The study revealed, that all tourist expeditions are accompanied by both good and bad memories, and individual tourists' mental state, affects the mood repair process and overall significance of tourism memories in future tour plans. This study will add to the body of knowledge by elucidating the reciprocal relationship between individual mental status, mood, and tourism memory, it will also shed light on positive and negative memory qualities and their associated affective and behavioural implications. This study will also contribute to tourist management practices by giving rationales and procedures to tourism marketers as to how to constructively use the tourism memory for product evaluation, development, and consumer communication.
Knowledge Assessment of Nursing Students after a Structured Teaching Programme on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection
Pdianghun Mary Kharkongor, Manashi Sengupta.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the emergence of strains of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection that are resistant to multiple antibiotics creating further complication in treatment options. A study was undertaken to assess the level of pre-test and post-test knowledge assessment among the second year nursing undergraduate students about MRSA infection and to assess the impact of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on enhancement of knowledge of the students. A study was made with a quantitative approach designing an experimental group for pre-test and post-test of the knowledge enhancement among the students belonging to the Faculty of Nursing of Assam down town University. Fifty-two students were selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The result of the study revealed that 31 (59.62%) numbers of students had moderately adequate knowledge in pre-test and 21 numbers (40.38%) had inadequate knowledge whereas in the post-test after the administration of Structured Teaching Programme (STP), 46 numbers (76.67%) had developed adequate knowledge and 6 numbers (11.54%) had moderately adequate knowledge about MRSA infection. Pre-test mean value was 11.75±3.10 and post-test mean value was 22.98±2.19 as evident using paired‘t’ test (t=22.159 at p$ 0.0001) for comparison. The study revealed that the Structured Teaching Programme (STP) was effective in improving the knowledge of students regarding Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection. Thus, inclusion of STP is recommended to regularly include as a part of teaching learning process of the nursing students.
Assessment of Deleterious Effect of Usage of Marijuana among Young Adults with Participatory Approach
Prateeti Barman, Mituso Kri
Abstract
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances. Marijuana is a drug or substance acquired from the Cannabis plant. The effects of Cannabis (marijuana) may differ from person to person. Although it is one of the commonly used drugs many people use for recreation there are many adverse effects on both physical and mental health. Use of marijuana has many short-term effects in man like increased heart rate, altered sense of time and increased anxiety and paranoia. Besides these it has long term effects on individuals leading to mental health issues. A study was conducted focussing on usage of marijuana among 30 young students pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes in Guwahati, Assam adopting purposive sampling method to understand the presence of marijuana abuse among them. The study revealed that repeated use of marijuana has impaired the concerned students’ physical and mental health leading to impaired intelligence, memory and eventually leading to poor academic performance as divulged by the participants in the study. There is a strong need for health awareness campaign to educate the students’ fraternity and young adults on the physical and mental health risks associated with use of marijuana. Provision of professional counsellor in the educational institute can help the students to have counselling sessions to fight mental health issues like depression and anxiety which eventually leads to use of marijuana as stated by the participating youths during the study.
Keywords:Marijuana, Cannabis, Effects of marijuana
Common Index-Based Methods of Flood Mapping by Optical Satellite Sensors: A Review of the Merits
Arnob Bormudoi
Abstract
Floods pose significant threats globally, causing extensive economic, environmental, and social disruptions. Accurate flood mapping is crucial for effective disaster management, enabling timely response and resource allocation. This study explores the use of eight remote sensing indices to delineate flood extents, focusing on common indices such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) etc. Challenges include index generalization, replicability issues, and the need for rapid analysis during disasters. It also reviews the efficacy of optical index-based methods, highlighting their application in various flood scenarios and addressing associated challenges. It emphasizes the importance of dynamic thresholding and spectral signature adaptation to improve accuracy in flood mapping highlighting a focus on enhancing method robustness and operational efficiency to support resilient flood management strategies at local and regional scales.
Keywords:Flood Mapping, Optical Remote Sensing, Water delineation index
Arsenic Poisoning: A threat for Animal, Human and the Environment
Arsenic (As) is one of the naturally occurring and widely distributed metalloid that can be found in food, water, soil, and the environment. Human exposure to arsenic from a variety of sources, including contaminated groundwater and other human activities, is becoming a major worldwide concern. This is due to evidence that arsenic has extremely high potential for toxicity and has major negative effects on health. Its exposure to humans has been connected to a wide range of illnesses, which poses a serious risk to people’s health, economic security, and social well-being-particularly in the world’s least developed nations. Through food and drink, millions of people are exposed to unsafe levels of Arsenic. Acute, subacute, or chronic poisoning symptoms, such as skin lesions, cardiovascular problems, and even multi-organ failure, can occur in highly exposed individuals. Major illnesses like diabetes, hyperkeratosis, cancer, hypertension, and neurodegeneration have all been connected to arsenic exposure. This article reviews the physicochemical characteristics of Arsenic, means of exposure, with possible mechanism of arsenic-induced toxicity. The importance of arsenic toxicity and its role in health-related issues have also been demonstrated in an attempt to raise awareness about the toxicity of Arsenic and develop recommendations for a cleaner environment.
Keywords:Arsenic poisoning, Heavy-metal, Human health hazard, Toxicity, Environmental issues
Current Advances in Understanding of Drug Resistance in Biomedical Research
Priyam Jyoti Das, Shiny Ahmed, Piyali Dey, Saikat Sen, Juganta Kumar Kalita, Santa Mandal
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a challenge in the field of biomedical research, posing a threat to the effectiveness of many therapeutic interventions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the science regarding drug resistance, focusing on recent advancements in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome this phenomenon. There are various types of drug resistance that occur in different contexts, including microbial infections, cancer, and chronic diseases. Exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug resistance highlighting the emerging technologies and approaches hold promise for combating this issue. The article delves into the future directions and potential interventions that may help in overcoming drug resistance and improving patient outcomes.
Floating Multi Unit Mini Tablets (MUMT): The Novel Approach on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System
Shahil Arman, Saikat Sen, Kumara Swamy Samanthula
Abstract
One area of concentrated effort in the pharmaceutical industry is the creation of gastro-retentive floating medication delivery devices. A lot of people have been interested in this method over the last many decades. These systems float on top of the stomach contents, remaining floating for a long time without reducing the pace at which the stomach empties since they are low in density. The use of Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRFDDS) prolongs the delivery duration in the stomach. The rationale for writing this evaluation of floating mini tablets with multiple units for the treatment of esophageal and gastric ulcers. Multi-unit floating devices may be better because they decrease the chances of dosage dumping and inter-subject variability in absorption, but the more common single-unit devices have the disadvantage of being useless if they sink or are rapidly emptied from the stomach. A major obstacle to the delivery of oral controlled-release drugs is the uneven absorption of certain drug candidates across the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the floating drug delivery system or gastro retentive technology has been used to provide consistent and prolonged medicine release in the stomach. Two examples of gastro-retentive drug delivery technologies that have been developed for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers are floating microspheres and floating tablets, which both have the potential to boost bioavailability and decrease the frequency of administration.
Keywords:Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System, Floating Drug Delivery System, Multi unit mini tablet, Gastric ulcers
Adolescent Obesity: Perspective of Assessment for Adopting Strategic Mitigation Plans
Nirmali Gogoi
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent is one of the most challenging dilemmas confronting in the field of pediatrics today. While the preventive community struggles to develop effective strategies for the treatment of this epidemic, timely identification of obesity by pediatric health care providers remains the crucial initial step in the management of obesity. Precise and appropriate evaluation of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is vital within modern medical practice. Nevertheless, healthcare providers may perceive this area as challenging to navigate. BMI has emerged as the prevailing metric for assessing overweight and obesity, offering a dependable measure. Yet, it lacks the comprehensive insight into the intricate behavioral elements shaping obesity. Given constraints in time and resources, healthcare professionals require swift, evidence-based strategies to aid patients and their families in grasping the significance of addressing overweight and obesity, and initiating steps towards mitigation.
