Regulatory Restrictions and Women's Participation in the Workforce: Understanding from Global Perspectives (Page 12 - 19)
Madhurima Dasgupta 1,2, Indranil Bose 3*
1,2 Department of Gender Studies, Abo-Akademi University, Finland, and Ashadi Wisdom Campus, Ashad Higher Education Centre, Sri Lanka 3* School of Management, MIT University of Meghalaya, Shillong, India
Tracking the Evolution of Women’s Empowerment Studies in India: A Bibliometric Perspective (Page 20 - 29)
Sutapa Deb 1*, Joydeep Goswami 2
1* Faculty of Commerce and Management, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, Assam, India
Convergence of Risk Factors and Co-Morbid Conditions of ADHD in School-Aged Children: A Review (Page 42 - 56)
Deepashree Deka 1, 2*, Swapnav Borthakur 3
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 University of Science and Technology, Kiling Road, 9th Mile, Meghalaya, 793101, India 3 Department of Family Medicine, Down Town Hospital, Dispur, Guwahati, Assam, 781006, India
Proprioception Exercises in Restoration of Hand Grips in Elderly Males and Females (Page 57 - 63)
Pooja Saikia 1, Manabendra Nayak 2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Department of Medicine, Downtown Hospital, Guwahati, Assam 781022, India
Making Life Better: A Review on the Practical Application of Positive Psychology (Page 64 - 69)
Pankhi Rani Borah 1, Manjusha Deka Saikia 2*
1 ICSSR Project, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India 2* Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Understanding Age-Related Perceptions of Physiotherapists to Facilitate Telerehabilitation for Head and Neck Patients (Page 70 - 74)
Shalaka Baidya 1, Dapkupar Wankhar 2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2* Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Association between Kinesiophobia, Pain and Disability in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Review (Page 79 - 86)
Ankita Kalita 1, Chitrajit Das 2, Abhijit Dutta 3*
1 Department of Physiotherapy, Jorhat Medical College & Hospital, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India 2 Khelo-India State Centre of Excellence, Directorate of Sports and Youth Welfare, Govt. of Assam, Dispur 781006, India 3* Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
1* Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 3 Pratiksha Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India 4 Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
Improving Neck Biomechanics and Neck Pain in Smartphone Users through Ergonomic Advice and Neck Exercises (Page 92 - 97)
Pallabi Goswami 1, B.C. Sarma 2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2* Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Exploring the Enzyme-Inhibitory and Phytochemical Properties of Gynura cusimbua: A study toward developing an Herbal Antidiabetic (Page 98 - 104)
Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu 1,2,3, Saikat Sen 1,2*
1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Centre of Research on Ethnomedicine, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 3 Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Comparative Study on the Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on Different Substrates (Page 108 - 111)
Mehjabin Ali 1, Suresh Deka 2*
1Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India 2*Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
1 Venkateshwar Institute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Institute of Pharmacy, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India 3 Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
1 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Department of Botany, Pole Star College, Wabagai Hiyanglam, Kakching, Manipur 795103, India 3 Department of Botany, Liberal College, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
Earthworms in Soil Nutrient Dynamics and as a Potential Source of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: A Review (Page 144 - 153)
Lirikum Jing 1, Lakhminandan Kakati 2*
1 Department of Zoology, Don Bosco College, Kohima, Nagaland 797001, India 2 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Nutritional Analysis and Shelf Life of Locally Available Dried Catfish (Mystus Vittatus) and Minor Carp (Labeo bata): A Study in Nagaon District of Assam, India (Page 154 - 160)
Ujjal Bordoloi1, Bhuban Chandra Chutia 1*, Ankur Kishore Ray 1
1 Nowgong College (Autonomous), Nagaon, Assam 782001, India
The Potential Threat of the Newly Invaded Polyphagous Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) to Maize Crop and its Management: A Study (Page 161 - 166)
1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
2 Faculty of Computer Technology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
Technological Innovations for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sequestration: A Critical Analysis
Kumar Manoj 1, Pranay Punj Pankaj 2*
1 Department of Botany, Marwari College, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 812007, India
2 Department of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, Nagaland, 798627, India
The accelerating concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), which has increased from pre-industrial levels, underscores the urgent need for robust carbon management strategies. Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies have emerged as indispensable tools in mitigating climate change, especially for sectors with inherently high process emissions such as cement and steel manufacturing. This critical analysis explores recent technological innovations that advance CO2 capture, storage, and utilization, aiming to enhance process efficiency, reduce environmental footprint, and contribute to net-zero emission targets. Key advancements assessed in this study include microbial-induced calcite precipitation for the production of biocement, large-scale macroalgal cultivation to enhance oceanic carbon uptake, the integration of microalgae-based systems into building envelopes for passive atmospheric CO2 absorption, genetic enhancement of hybrid poplar trees to increase carbon fixation efficiency, the development of functionalized textile-based adsorbent materials for direct CO2 capture from the atmosphere, and the bioconversion of captured CO2 into biodegradable polymers through microbial fermentation. Each approach is evaluated for its mechanistic principles, sequestration efficiency, scalability, and potential integration into circular carbon economies. The analysis highlights the synergistic potential of combining biological, chemical, and material-based innovations to achieve long-term carbon neutrality.
Regulatory Restrictions and Women's Participation in the Workforce: Understanding from Global Perspectives
Madhurima Dasgupta 1,2, Indranil Bose 3*
1,2 Department of Gender Studies, Abo-Akademi University, Finland, and Ashadi Wisdom Campus, Ashad Higher Education Centre, Sri Lanka 3 School of Management, MIT University of Meghalaya, Shillong, India
Many countries are working to improve women's economic participation by enacting specific laws and regulations. The impact of these reforms appears to be significant, although the evidence regarding their effectiveness varies across different areas. This paper explores the effects of legal discrimination and the absence of protective legislation on women's economic outcomes, particularly concerning employment and income. It also examines the various pathways or mechanisms through which laws and regulations affect these outcomes. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for the effective development and implementation of gender-equitable and gender-sensitive laws and policies. A review of the existing literature has identified five key pathways that can help structure and enhance our understanding of how legal reforms influence women's employment and earnings, both individually and collectively. The literature offers stronger causal evidence in certain reform areas, such as labor restrictions, occupational segregation, and legal protections against workplace violence and discrimination. However, there is a significant lack of studies focusing on specific reforms in developing countries, which limits the applicability of the findings. The paper concludes that while legal reform alone may not be sufficient to bring about change, it is a crucial first step toward promoting social transformation and increasing women's participation in the workforce and their employment in the formal sector.
Keywords:Regulatory restrictions, Women's participation, Global perspectives
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT STUDIES
Tracking the Evolution of Women’s Empowerment Studies in India: A Bibliometric Perspective
Sutapa Deb 1*, Joydeep Goswami 2
1* Faculty of Commerce and Management, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
*Corresponding author: Sutapa Deb, Email: sutapa.scholar@adtu.in
Abstract
The study utilises bibliometric methods to examine research on women's empowerment in India from 2010 to 2024. It analyses publication patterns, identifies prominent authors and research institutions, and assesses the most frequently cited studies. By mapping prevalent research themes, the study offers a comprehensive overview of scholarly contributions in this field. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, supporting the development of evidence-based strategies to advance gender equality and women's empowerment. Additionally, the study highlights emerging research areas, emphasizing the dynamic nature of academic inquiry in this domain. It underscores the growing academic interest in women's empowerment and encourages future research to address existing gaps and explore new directions. These insights are essential for shaping well-informed policies and interventions that enhance women's roles and opportunities, contributing to broader social and economic development.
Keywords:Women's Empowerment, Bibliometric Analysis, Social and Economic Development, Gender
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
CANCER PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS
Assessing Prognostic Indicators in Cancer: Insights into Survival Trends and Risk Stratification
Mrinal Deka 1*
1 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
This paper reports the prognostic factors (age, lymph node involvement, and tumour size) in patients with oral, lung, and breast cancer treated at Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, Assam. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess these factors' impact on recovery chances. Additionally, survival probabilities were compared using Nelson-Aalen and Kaplan-Meier estimators. The study reveals a significantly higher risk of cancer recurrence in patients over 50 years old, with lymph node involvement and larger tumour sizes. Non-parametric bootstrap analysis suggests that the Nelson-Aalen estimator provides more accurate survival probabilities. Furthermore, treatment comparisons indicate that combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy yield better survival rates compared to other therapies for breast, lung, and oral cancer.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), a total of 2,752,636 child COVID-19 cases were reported in 2021, and children represented 19.0% of all cases. The pandemic caused a drastic change in the quality of life of the children due to lockdown, as the daily routine of the children was hampered. The present study aimed to assess the Quality of Life during the COVID-19 pandemic among school children in selected schools of Guwahati, Assam, India, and to find the association of Quality of Life during the COVID-19 pandemic with selected demographic variables. A qualitative research approach using a non-experimental descriptive explorative survey design was adopted. The study was conducted in Dispur Govt. H.S. School, Dispur, Assam, and 200 samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The tools used in the study were Modified Quality of life questionnaires. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the maximum school children, i.e., 178(89%), have good Quality of Life during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the minimum school children, i.e., 22 (11%), have very good Quality of Life during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are no children in the categories of poor and fair. The overall mean is 80.96%. The chi-square values showed that the occupation of the father was statistically significant at p<0.05 with the Quality of life During the COVID-19 Pandemic among school children in selected schools of Guwahati, Assam. Based on the research findings, the researcher concluded that for maximum of the physical domain has a higher mean than the psychological, social, and environmental domains. The mean overall Quality of life was found to be very good. Thus, the Quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic among school children was very good, and the association of the father with the Quality of life during the COVID-19 Pandemic among children was proved to be significant at p<0.05.
Keywords:Quality of life, COVID-19 Pandemic, School children, Domains of Quality of life
REVIEW ARTICLE:
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Convergence of Risk Factors and Co-Morbid Conditions of ADHD in School-Aged Children: A Review
Deepashree Deka 1, 2 *, Swapnav Borthakur 3
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 University of Science and Technology, Kiling Road, 9th Mile, Meghalaya, 793101, India 3 Department of Family Medicine, Down Town Hospital, Dispur, Guwahati, Assam, 781006, India
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that impacts children of school age, marked by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This review seeks to consolidate existing research on the diverse risk factors and comorbidities linked to ADHD within this demographic. The review explores a variety of potential risk elements, including genetic vulnerabilities, environmental influences, and psychosocial factors. Moreover, it highlights the high prevalence of comorbid conditions associated with ADHD, such as learning disabilities, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. Recognizing the risk factors and the existence of these comorbidities can greatly affect the manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD. The compiled findings from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses were sourced through a systematic search of databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and have been deliberated. The review emphasized the intricate relationship between genetic, environmental, and psychosocial elements in the onset and expression of ADHD, and the male gender is often recognized as a significant risk factor. The review highlights the necessity of considering comorbid conditions when evaluating and treating ADHD. Additionally, it has examined the considerable prevalence of comorbidities linked to ADHD, such as learning disabilities, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders. Recognizing these risk factors and associated conditions is crucial for timely identification, thorough evaluation, and successful intervention strategies.
Proprioception Exercises in Restoration of Hand Grips in Elderly Males and Females
Pooja Saikia 1, Manabendra Nayak 2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Department of Medicine, Downtown Hospital, Guwahati, Assam 781022, India
Aging is a natural and irreversible process that affects muscles and the body. Hand grip and function assessments offer a simple, reliable, and clinically viable way to evaluate overall muscle strength in older adults. The hand serves as a valuable tool for operating and regulating the body's environment. However, limited evidence regarding grip strength in the geriatric population is available. The objective of this study was to assess hand grip and hand function in elderly individuals using standard measurements, such as the hand dynamometer and the Jebsen test. Initially, eligible participants (n=80) were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B), each consisting of 10 males and 30 females. Participants in Group A were trained with proprioception exercises, while those in Group B received conventional physiotherapy. Both groups were analyzed over six weeks, with reports documented at three different time intervals (0 week, 3rd week, and 6th week). The results indicate that consistent training improved hand grip and function in both groups, but males in both Group A and Group B showed better and faster performance than females. Thus, the findings of this study will help provide necessary treatment and highlight the importance of proprioception exercises for healthcare.
Keywords:Geriatric Populations, Hand Grip, Hand Function, Proprioception, Recreational Activities
REVIEW ARTICLE:
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Making Life Better: A Review on the Practical Application of Positive Psychology
Pankhi Rani Borah 1, Manjusha Deka Saikia 2*
1 ICSSR Project, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India 2 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Mental health is vital throughout all stages of life, from early childhood to adulthood and into old age. In the past, the emphasis was primarily on the challenges and symptoms of mental health disorders, with less attention paid to individual strengths such as positive thinking, motivation, happiness, and resilience. In this context, positive psychology is crucial in everyday life to keep people optimistic and dynamic. To stabilize constructive behaviors, emotions, and thoughts, maintaining positive mental health is pivotal. In the present study, a detailed review was conducted on the concept and importance of positive psychology in everyday life. Research findings and information were gathered from various sources such as APA Psych Info, APA Articles, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collective (EBSCO), Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus for the review. In this study, the researchers aim to exemplify its importance in the everyday life of today’s world, discuss the concept, and outline the important strategies of positive psychology.
Understanding Age-Related Perceptions of Physiotherapists to Facilitate Telerehabilitation for Head and Neck Patients
Shalaka Baidya1, Dapkupar Wankhar2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Telerehabilitation (TR) has evolved into an effective method for providing physiotherapy services to head and neck patients who face challenges in obtaining in-person care. The successful implementation of TR is influenced by the attitudes, experiences, and preparedness levels of physiotherapists, which may vary by age. This study explores the impact of age-related differences on physiotherapists' perceptions and implementation of therapeutic rehabilitation for head and neck disorders. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving physiotherapists from various clinical settings and age groups. Thematic analysis of the data revealed significant patterns in technological comfort, patient engagement, and perceived treatment efficacy. The results highlight notable generational disparities in the acceptance and perceived effectiveness of TR. While older physiotherapists expressed concerns about technology-related challenges, limitations in conducting in-person assessments, and reduced therapeutic interactions in virtual settings, younger physiotherapists showed greater enthusiasm and confidence when using digital tools. These findings suggest that physiotherapists' perceptions of TR are strongly influenced by their age. Addressing these age differences through targeted training programs, promoting intergenerational collaboration, and strengthening digital infrastructure and support systems is crucial to ensure equitable and efficient integration of telerehabilitation for head and neck patients.
Keywords:Telerehabilitation, physiotherapy, age-related perception, head and neck patients, digital health, telehealth adoption
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE
Skill-Building through Task-Oriented Motor Practice (STOMP) Model in the Elderly Population: A Study
Mantu Paul 1, Binod Chandra Sarma 1*
1 Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Aging is an inevitable process, typically defined by chronological age, with individuals aged 65 years or older often referred to as elderly. Activities of Daily Living is a term used in healthcare to describe people's daily self-care tasks. Physiotherapists should encourage the elderly population to engage in specific exercise models and recognize the need for independence in daily living activities. The Skill-building through Task-Oriented Motor Practice (STOMP) intervention model is a family-centered approach that uniquely combines task-oriented training with motor learning principles. The primary objective of the study was to assess the feasibility and compliance of the methods used with the geriatric population. Surveys were conducted and completed at two nursing homes and community centers in Guwahati, Assam, India, involving one hundred thirty-six participants who met the inclusion criteria. All data analysis was based on these 136 participants. The age range of the sample was 65 to 90 years. The findings from this study indicated a reported adherence rate of sixty-nine percent to the tested therapeutic model. Reasons for non-adherence were also collected and analysed to assist physiotherapists in understanding the factors that indirectly impact daily living activities among geriatric individuals.
Keywords:STOMP, Task-based approach, Therapeutic model, ADL, Elderly people
REVIEW ARTICLE:
PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE
Association between Kinesiophobia, Pain and Disability in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Review
Ankita Kalita 1, Chitrajit Das 2, Abhijit Dutta 3*
1 Department of Physiotherapy, Jorhat Medical College & Hospital, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India 2 Khelo-India State Centre of Excellence, Directorate of Sports and Youth Welfare, Govt. of Assam, Dispur 781006, India 3 Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Low back pain is a very common health issue and is the leading cause of disability. Pain intensity is a common and most important clinical outcome measure used in people with Chronic low back pain. Among psychological factors, pain-related fear of movement/reinjury, which is known as Kinesiophobia, has been suggested to be an important contributor to LBP. There are reports of suffering from Kinesiophobia, as well as higher perceived Functional disability and greater mobility impairment than their normal counterparts. This study aimed to find the association between Kinesiophobia, Pain and Disability in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Medline). The referred studies were based on the inclusion criteria (1), Studies that included patients with non-specific chronic low back pain, (2). Studies comprising patients associated with Kinesiophobia and disability (3). Studies with both male and female participants were included in the search. The results declared that individuals with non-specific CLBP mediated the association between Kinesiophobia, pain intensity and disability. Kinesiophobia is a predictor of pain intensity. Its prevalence rate is higher in chronic nonspecific low back pain. Fear of reinjury hampers activity and brings disability. In conclusion, Kinesiophobia is associated with pain and disability in nonspecific chronic low back pain.
Keywords:Disability, Kinesiophobia, Pain, Low Back pain, Nonspecific chronic Back pain
REVIEW ARTICLE:
PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE
Breathlessness in Geriatrics: A brief Review on Incidence, Criticality and Pattern with Age
1 Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 3 Pratiksha Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 4 Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process that results in a decline in the function of all the systems of the body. Breathlessness is considered one of the primary symptoms seen in persons developing cardiopulmonary conditions. Degenerative changes due to aging fuel the symptoms more leading to a decrease in QoL of the geriatric population. The purpose of this brief review is to find out the incidence rate of dyspnea among the geriatric population, its pattern of spread, and the relation with age, so that proper measures can be taken to minimize its effect. This review was undertaken to find information regarding the prevalence or incidence rate, pattern, and severity or criticality of breathlessness in the elderly generation. A review was conducted considering the relevant studies related to dyspnea among the geriatric population with respect to prevalence or incidence, associated symptoms, pattern, and severity. More studies could not be added as there was a dearth of research done on a relatively healthy geriatric population suffering from dyspnea. The search terms used were geriatric, dyspnea, prevalence, incidence, criticality, severity, and pattern. An electronic database was used to complete the study, like PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Research Gate. The finding reveals that as age progresses severity of dyspnea also increases, with females more affected than males. Diseases related to the lungs and heart exacerbate the symptoms of dyspnea. Lesser-known factors such as low economic status, low educational standards, anxiety, and depression also contribute to dyspnea. Obesity and diabetes were also found to be associated with dyspnea.
Improving Neck Biomechanics and Neck Pain in Smartphone Users through Ergonomic Advice and Neck Exercises
Pallabi Goswami 1, B.C. Sarma 2*
1 Faculty of Physiotherapy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Digital displays are becoming increasingly important in communications since the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The use of smartphones has increased at almost every social level. Evidence on the alterations in neck biomechanics caused by extended forward neck flexion resulting from smartphone use was obtained for this review, which may ultimately lead to neck pain. In addition to causing pain in the neck, postural problems in the neck can also create discomfort in the surrounding muscles and shoulders. Diagnosing work-related musculoskeletal disorders and bad posture requires ergonomic evaluation. Several electronic resources were used to scan the literature for a review. Data sources included Google Scholar, CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Ten papers in all were accepted for inclusion based on the specified criteria. Research has demonstrated that neck exercises, when paired with ergonomic advice, yield superior outcomes than when done alone. The review reveals that posture is an important factor, and the ergonomic guidance and neck exercises can effectively relieve neck pain and correct the flawed neck biomechanics caused by smartphone use.
Exploring the Enzyme-Inhibitory and Phytochemical Properties of Gynura cusimbua: A study toward developing an Herbal Antidiabetic
Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu 1,2,3, Saikat Sen 1,2*
1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Centre of Research on Ethnomedicine, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 3 Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
*Corresponding author: Saikat Sen, Email: dr.sensaikat@gmail.com, saikat.sen@adtu.in
Abstract
Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore, a lesser-known member of the Asteraceae family traditionally used in ethnomedicine, was investigated for its antidiabetic potential through phytochemical and in vitro enzymatic studies. The aerial parts of the plant were collected, authenticated, and subjected to a detailed physicochemical evaluation, including moisture content, extractive values, ash values, pH, and swelling index, all of which fell within acceptable pharmacopeial limits. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and triterpenoids. Ethanol extracts were fractionated into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. Quantitative analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest levels of total phenolic content (22.11 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (17.12 ± 0.39 mg QE/g). In vitro α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated concentration-dependent activity, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the strongest enzyme inhibition (IC₅₀: 68.40 ± 0.60 µg/mL), approaching the potency of the standard drug, acarbose (IC₅₀: 49.62 ± 0.68 µg/mL). These results support the traditional use of Gynura cusimbua for glycaemic regulation and highlight its potential as a natural source of α-amylase inhibitors. Further in vivo studies and compound isolation are warranted to validate its pharmacological efficacy and identify active constituents.
Keywords:Gynura cusimbua, α-amylase inhibition, antidiabetic activity, traditional medicine, herbal drug
REVIEW ARTICLE:
ANTIOXIDANT FROM POMELO
Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fractions of Pomelo Fruit and Peel
Pomelo (Citrus maxima) is a sweet, slightly tangy, and juicy fruit; it is an excellent source of protein, fiber, and vitamins. It is well-known for its healing properties as it helps to cure flu and cold, improve digestive and lung health, and also cleanse the intestines and phlegm. This brief review aims to study the antioxidant capacity of the Pomelo fruit and its peel. Several studies reveal that the fruit portion of Pomelo has a high level of antioxidant effects as it contains significant amounts of total flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. It plays a vital role in preventing cancer, reducing inflammation, and protecting against bacterial infections. Pomelo peel constitutes about 30% of the total weight of the fruit and is rich in phytochemicals; therefore, the peel helps to regulate cardio-metabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and psychosocial stress. This fruit is found to be beneficial for its significant antioxidant effect, that have a positive impact on the human body.
Comparative Study on the Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on Different Substrates
Mehjabin Ali1, Suresh Deka2*
1 Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India 2 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
A comparative study was conducted to select a suitable substrate for achieving the maximum yield of edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). A total of eight different substrates, namely (1) Paddy straw, (2) Banana leaves, (3) Water hyacinth, (4) Thatching grass (Chionochloa sp.), (5) Stubble of straw, (6) Garden waste, (7) Citronella grass (Cymbopogon sp.), and (8) Elephant grass (Pennisetum sp.) were taken for the study. In paddy straw, a maximum of 1230 g of the mushroom per bag was found, whereas it was found to be the lowest (495 g) in elephant grass used as substrate. For the development of the fruiting body, a minimum period of 19 days is required in the water hyacinth substrate, whereas in banana leaf as substrate, it takes the maximum time, i.e., 40 days. No encouraging result was observed for the yield of mushrooms per bag when 50% paddy straw was mixed with the other substrate individually. The best production was achieved with paddy straw, followed by banana leaf and water hyacinth.
1 Venkateshwar Institute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Institute of Pharmacy, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India 3 Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
Datura stramonium Linn is one of the traditional medicinal plants that belong to the Solanaceae family. It is widely distributed and easily available. This plant is known for various pharmacological actions in traditional Indian systems of medicine, like analgesic, antiasthmatic activities, antimicrobial and antiinfection effect, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antiobesity, antiasthamatic, neurological effect, organophosphate poisoning/protective effect, sedative, and repellent, in both animal and human. Further research should also be carried out to identify specific compounds from Datura stramonium or its products that are responsible for most of its biological effects. This review on D. stramonium includes information about botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and its ethnomedicinal uses.
Keywords:Datura stramonium L., Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology, and Traditional use
REVIEW ARTICLE:
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Exploring the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Pogostemon Oil: A Critical Review
1 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Department of Botany, Pole Star College, Wabagai Hiyanglam, Kakching, Manipur 795103, India 3 Department of Botany, Liberal College, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
The genus Pogostemon, a member of the Lamiaceae family, encompasses numerous species with diverse pharmacological, ethnobotanical, and ecological significance. This review critically examines the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Pogostemon species, with particular emphasis on their essential oils. Notable compounds such as patchouli alcohol and pogostone exhibit therapeutic potentials, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, sourcing information from academic databases and grey literature to consolidate findings on the genus’s medicinal applications. While Pogostemon species have shown promise in traditional and modern medicine, clinical validation and safety assessment gaps highlight the need for further research. This review provides a consolidated foundation for understanding Pogostemon essential oils' therapeutic prospects and challenges, aiming to inspire future investigations into their medicinal applications.
The Asteraceae family is one of the largest families among dicotyledons. It includes more than one-tenth of all flowering plants and is found worldwide, except in Antarctica. Members of the Asteraceae have been used in diets and medicine for centuries. Despite their wide diversity, most members share a similar chemical composition; for instance, all species are excellent sources of inulin, a natural polysaccharide with significant prebiotic properties. They also demonstrate strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, along with diuretic and wound-healing effects. Their pharmacological properties can be attributed to a variety of phytochemical compounds. Asteraceae species have been reported to contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and sterols. Various Asteraceae species have been identified and collected that have shown effectiveness and utility in treating a range of human diseases.
Earthworms in Soil Nutrient Dynamics and as a Potential Source of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: A Review
Lirikum Jing1, Lakhminandan Kakati2*
1 Department of Zoology, Don Bosco College, Kohima, Nagaland 797001, India 2 Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Earthworms are considered key ecological mediators that assist in sustainable agricultural technology through tunnelling and other associated microbes. Among the beneficial microbes, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are an important biofertilizer that warrants attention to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers. This paper reviews and discusses the role of earthworms in soil nutrient dynamics, plant-microbe interactions, earthworms as a potential source of PSB, trends of PSB isolation, mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, and their applications for plant productivity. It confirms that earthworms harbour diverse forms of PSBs, and these microorganisms produce multiple organic acids, such as 2-ketogluconic acid, that solubilize the phosphorus, making it available for plant absorption. Recent applications of earthworm-associated PSBs show enhanced plant growth, viz., seed germination (10–50%), shoot length increase (21%), increased leaf number (77%), and pathogen resistance. With no repercussions on the soil systems, the study concluded that PSBs can revolutionize the agricultural sector by providing a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture with minimal impact on soil health.
Keywords:Earthworms, Soil Nutrient Dynamics, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, agriculture, Soil health
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
DRY FISH NUTRITION, SHELF LIFE
Nutritional Analysis and Shelf Life of Locally Available Dried Catfish (Mystus vittatus) and Minor Carp (Labeo bata): A Study in Nagaon District of Assam, India
The nutrient contents and shelf life of locally available dried Catfish (Mystus vittatus) and Minor carp (Labeo bata) in Chandanpur Circle of Nagaon district, Assam, were determined. The analysis focused on proteins, and lipids. The samples were dried using three methods: in an oven, by smoking, and by sun-drying. Among all dried fish, the highest moisture content was found in sun-dried Catfish (21%), while the lowest was in oven-dried Minor carp (10%). The highest protein content was in oven-dried Labeo bata (55.8%), and the lowest was in sun-dried Mystus vittatus (32.5%). The highest lipid content was in oven-dried Labeo bata (11.2%), and the lowest was in sun-dried Mystus vittatus (7.8%). The longest shelf life was in oven-dried Mystus vittatus (50–55 days), while the shortest was in sun-dried Labeo bata (20–30 days). The nutrient content was best preserved in oven-dried fish, followed by smoked and sun-dried. Moisture content increased over time during storage in the open air. Fish with higher lipid content tended to have a shorter shelf life. Overall, nutrient profiling and shelf-life analysis showed that dried fish have high nutritional value and a longer shelf life compared to their fresh counterparts.
Keywords:Mystus vittatus, Labeo bata, oven dried, smoked, sun dried, protein, lipid, moisture, shelf life
REVIEW ARTICLE:
PEST INVASION IN MAIZE CROP
The Potential Threat of the Newly Invaded Polyphagous Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) to Maize Crop and its Management: A Study
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a highly invasive, polyphagous pest that has been recorded to attack more than 180 crop species globally. The pest is native to America, but has attained a global pest status. Owing to its high fecundity and tremendous migratory potential, it has invaded new places in a short time. The pest has also been reported recently in maize crops grown in the North East Indian states, including Assam. With the increasing area under maize in Assam owing to its increasing demand as an ingredient of poultry feed, the newly invaded FAW is a matter of concern. An attempt has been made in this article to review the pest with a perspective of its control measures.
1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2 Faculty of Computer Technology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
*Corresponding author: Saikat Sen, Email: dr.sensaikat@gmail.com, saikat.sen@adtu.in
Abstract
The study of pharmacology using animals is an important approach to teaching and learning. However, increasing ethical and regulatory concerns and advancements in scientific knowledge and technology have prompted a shift towards non-animal alternatives. This review explores the evolving role of Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) in pharmacology education to replace traditional animal experimentation. Pharmacology education is integral to UG/PG programmes in medicine, pharmacy, and veterinary science and has traditionally relied on animal models for in vivo studies. CAL has emerged as a significant tool that offers an interactive simulation that replaces the need for live animals and related laboratory equipment in pharmacology experiments. While CAL has been widely adopted in various health science curricula, its effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes remains debated. It was generally highlighted that CAL has ethical advantages and is important in deeper engagement with pharmacological concepts. However, critics argue that it lacks the hands-on experience of traditional laboratory work. This shift towards CAL is also supported by regulatory bodies, such as the University Grants Commission, Medical Council of India, and Pharmacy Council of India, which advocate for CAL by integrating CAL into the curriculum to minimize/avoid animal use. The review also discusses the rise of alternative methods, such as computer simulations, interactive media, and in vitro techniques, which are increasingly replacing animal dissection and experimentation in teaching, along with their current status and importance.
