Annals of Multidisciplinary Research, Innovation and Technology
(AMRIT)
ISSN: 2583-4657 (Online)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (July -
December, 2024)
Contents
(22 articles in this issue)
1. RESEARCH ARTICLE: Open access
SHIFTING (’JHUM’)
CULTIVATION
Inoculum Production of
Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi from Shifting Cultivation (‘jhumming’)
Systems of Northeast India (Page 01 -
07)
Manashi Das1*,
Narayan Chandra Talukdar2*
1*Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
2*Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Influence of Animal Gut
Microbiota on Rice Seedling Growth and Endophytic Bacterial
Populations (Page 08 -
17)
Garima Raj1, Suman
Kumar Samanta2, Narayan C Talukdar1, 3*
1Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and
Technology, Guwahati, Assam-781035, India
2Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026,
India
3Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
Isolation of Multiple Traits
Plant Growth Promoting and Antifungal Endophytic Bacterial Strain from the Root-Knot
of Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s finger) plant (Page 18
-
28)
Darshana
Hazarika1, Bhriganka Bharadwaj1 and Suresh
Deka1*
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam -781026,
India
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan -313004, India 2Institute of Pharmacy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya -
224001, India 3Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas, Central University, Bilaspur,
C.G, India
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar,
East Sikkim 737136, India
2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam 781026, India
Reproductive Health Services:
Moving from Policy to Real Application in India (Page 112
-
116)
Debjani Mukherjee1,
2* and Pramod Kumar 2
1Siliguri Institute of Technology, Sukhna Darjeeling, West Bengal-734009,
India 2Faculty of Commerce & Management, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam -781026, India
Experimental Investigation of
Plasma Arc SS 316L Welds on Metallographic Analysis and Micro-hardness
Distribution (Page 117
-
124)
Benjamin Das1,2*
and Nirsanametla Yadaiah1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute
of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh-791109, India 2Directorate of Research, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam -
781026, India.
1Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam-781026 India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jorhat Engineering College,
Jorhat, Assam 785007 India 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Engineering College,
Guwahati, Assam 781013, India
Exploring the Impact of
Accessing and Use of Social Capital by Agricultural Entrepreneurs on their
Livelihood Enhancement: A Study in Lower Brahmaputra Valley of Assam,
India (Page 144
-
153)
Krishnakhi Choudhury1
* and Kanagaraj Easwaran2
1Faculty of Humanities & Social Science, Assam down town University,
Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
2Department of Social Work, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004,
India
Inoculum Production of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi from Shifting Cultivation
(‘jhumming’) Systems of Northeast India
Manashi Das1*,Narayan Chandra
Talukdar2*
1*Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
2*Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Abstract
Shifting cultivation, a prevalent agricultural practice in Northeast India, significantly impacts soil
ecosystems, particularly microbial diversity and fertility. Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are
known
to play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, soil structure improvement, and sustainable crop production, yet
their dynamics in shifting cultivation systems remain underexplored. This study investigates AMF
colonization
patterns, and the potential for inoculum production from the different types of spores collected across
three
crops rice, maize, and arahar which were cultivated under varying fallow periods (5, 8, and 20 years) in
shifting agriculture fields of Nagaland. The results showed significant variation in AMF colonization and
spore
densities based on crop type and fallow period. Rice exhibited the highest AMF colonization and spore
densities
in shorter fallow fields, while arahar showed higher colonization in longer fallow periods. In controlled
experiments in the pot, three spore types were isolated and tested for inoculum production. The yellow-type
spore demonstrated superior colonization rates and spore density in maize roots, establishing its potential
for
large-scale inoculum development. This study underscores the importance of AMF in enhancing soil fertility
and
productivity in shifting cultivation systems. The findings also highlight the feasibility of AMF inoculum
production, offering a sustainable solution for restoring degraded lands and reducing dependency on chemical
fertilizers. Future research should focus on field-scale validation and tailored AMF formulations to support
sustainable agricultural practices in fragile ecosystems.
Influence of Animal Gut Microbiota on Rice Seedling Growth and Endophytic
Bacterial Populations
Manashi Das1*,Narayan Chandra
Talukdar2*
Garima Raj1, Suman Kumar Samanta2, Narayan C Talukdar1, 3*1Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology,
Guwahati, Assam-781035, India
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that indigenous rice genotypes from northeast India harbor a unique blend of
endophytic bacteria within their mature seeds. Significant variations were observed among plants of the same
genotype, but genotypes cultivated under completely different environmental conditions contained similar
endophytic bacteria. The present study aims to investigate the effect of inoculation of rice seedlings with
microbiota of animal gut origin. A scented rice variety from Assam, Kalajoha, was inoculated with
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, or the endophytic Micrococcus luteus. Significant differences
in the population of endophytic bacteria were observed after seven days of inoculation, across six different
growth media. Four growth parameters were measured, i.e., shoot length, root length, shoot weight, and root
weight. Seedlings inoculated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus had significantly longer primary roots compared to
uninoculated controls (p<0.05). Additionally, seedlings inoculated with Micrococcus luteus exhibited higher
biomass than those inoculated with other bacteria. The inoculation of Kalajoha seedlings with the
Lactobacillus species resulted in changes to the population structure of endophytic bacteria in both
roots and shoots, suggesting that both species may have successfully entered the plant system.
Importantly, neither of the two Lactobacillus species demonstrated any harmful effects on plant growth,
rather Lactobacillus rhamnosus notably promoted longer root growth compared to uninoculated seedlings.
The study shows that the inoculation of Kalajoha rice seedlings with Lactobacillus species results in
altered endophytic bacterial populations and promotes certain growth parameters without causing harm to
the plants. If these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) confer beneficial effects on their host plants, they
could have significant applications, demonstrating their ability to thrive in hosts across different
kingdoms.
Keywords:Rice; Animal gut microbiota; Plant seedling; Endophytic bacteria; Plant growth
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
PLANT SCIENCE
Isolation of Multiple Traits
Plant Growth Promoting and Antifungal Endophytic Bacterial Strain from the Root-Knot
of Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s finger) plant
Darshana
Hazarika1, Bhriganka Bharadwaj1 and Suresh
Deka1*
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam -781026,
India
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are plant-beneficial bacteria that colonize inside the plant's tissues and provide
growth-related substances for the general welfare of the plants. This investigation aims to isolate an
endophytic bacterium from the root-knot of the Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s finger) plant, potentially
promoting plant growth and fungal phytopathogen inhibition. It is revealed from the in vitro study that the
potent bacterium can fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and potassium, produce Ammonia,
Hydrolytic enzymes like Amylase and Protease, Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), and can inhibit phytopathogenic fungi
namely Corynespora cassiicola and Fusarium oxysporum. Based on the morphological, physiological,
biochemical, and molecular characteristics, the bacterial strain is identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa
DS(N), the sequence of the bacterium was submitted to NCBI and provided accession no. PP818938. Considering
the effectiveness of PGP on multiple traits and its potential against plant pathogenic fungi, this bacterial
strain could be used to produce bioinoculants for the general welfare of the crops.
Exploring Ecological
significance and growth of Alligator Weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides
(Mart.) Griseb in Assam, India
Nandini Sharma1
and Gunamoni Das1*
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026,
India.
Abstract
The plant species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, popularly known as ‘alligator or
pigweed’ is a wild herb, belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. In Assam, its local name is ‘Pani
Matikaduri’. This plant grows from April to December in terrestrial areas like agricultural land, other
vegetation, and marshy areas, and in the areas under lentic and lotic ecosystems. Due to the lack of
sufficient scientific information in the literature and the absence of survey reports or proper research
data in Assam, only a few ethnic people were able to provide some information about this plant. The present
study was carried out to explore the ecological information of this traditional herb from some predominant
areas in the Jorhat district of Assam, India. The study was made to highlight the active growth rate of this
plant with or without the use of any fertilizer for the relative density, relative frequency, relative
dominance, important value index, species richness index, Pielou’s evenness index, and growth of associate
plants of this herb. It was found that the Relative density of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)
Griseb, in the study locations of Purona Gayan gaon and Baligaon were 15.2 (plants/m2) and 24.1(plants/m2),
respectively. Through field survey, data were recorded from terrestrial, semiaquatic, and aquatic ecosystems
at both the study sites. In Purona Gayan gaon site the values of relative frequency, relative dominance, and
important value index of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb was 33.1, 44, and 92.3,
respectively, and in Baligaon the data of the above phytosociological parameters were 43.1, 56, 123.2. It
was noticed that the outgrowth of this plant is highest in rainy seasons and reduces from December.
Exploring the Biochemical
Defense of Mikania micrantha Against the Parasitic Cuscuta
reflexa
Smita Deka1, Uddhav Sarania1, Priya Borah1, Nabajit
Kalita1, W James Singha1 and Hemen Deka1*
1Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
Abstract
Parasitic plants exhibit a wide range of morphologies and structurally different haustorial connections
which provide a conduit for extracting host resources. Host-parasitism interaction shown by the parasitic
plants can impose significant biotic stress on their hosts by extracting nutrients and producing cytotoxic
compounds. The present study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical defense mechanisms of the host plant
Mikania micrantha against the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa by examining
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryllhyrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging
activity and reducing power activity of the host plants. Moreover, the influence on the phenolic contents of
host plants by C. reflexa was also evaluated. The results showed that methanolic extracts from M.
micrantha infected by C. reflexa exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity, free radical
scavenging activity, reduced power capacity, and total phenolic content as compared to control plants
without C. reflexa infection. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of M. micrantha was notably
high at 82.99±1.11% in contrast to 57.11±1.3% in control plants. Similarly, M. micrantha showed increased
H2O2 scavenging activity and reduced power compared to control plants. Furthermore, the total phenolic
content was recorded as 44.77±1.35mg/g in infected M. micrantha, 40.88±2.05mg/g in C. reflexa, and
37.55±1.78mg/g in control plants of M. micrantha.
Diversity of Mycoflora in the
Rhizosphere: A Comparative Study Under Organic and Conventional Farming Practices in
Assam, India
Saina Begum1,
Anjan Kumar Sarma1*
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026,
India.
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the mycoflora richness occurring in organic and intensive farming regimes
within the Upper Brahmaputra Valley zone of Assam with an emphasis on the rhizosphere soil fungal community
structure in different agricultural fields. For this study, fourteen crops at the maturity stage were chosen
for analysis- Rice, Tomato, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Chilli, Bottle Gourd, Carrot, Indian
Bean, Chinese mallow, Garlic, Papaya, and Lemon. The findings of the study showed that as per conventional
practice, the population in rhizospheric soil of rice, cabbage, broccoli, bottle gourd, Indian bean, Chinese
mallow, lemon, and tomato is higher than the population of fungi as per the organic practice. On the other
hand, the fungal population in the rhizospheric soil of brinjal, cauliflower, chili, carrot, garlic, and
papaya plants was higher in the plants grown under the organic culture system. The most dominant genera of
fungus prevailing over all crops were species of Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Penicillium,
Trichoderma, Curvularia, and Mortierella. This suggested that most of the isolated fungi
complied with the tenets of organic farming in which the resultant genera comprised Aspergillus,
Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium, Mortierella, and Penicillium. Likewise, 8 genera including
Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Mortierella and Curvularia
showed
prevalence under conventional cultivated soil type. This research highlights that the cultivation system may
change fungal distribution with details contained in the papers regarding factors possible to affect fungal
density under organic and conventional agricultural systems.
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan -313004, India 2Institute of Pharmacy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya -
224001, India 3Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas, Central University, Bilaspur,
C.G, India
Abstract
Plants with herbal properties and their extracts have long been used in medicine. A well-known flowering
plant species in the Plumbaginaceae family, Plumbago auriculata is sometimes referred to as cape
leadwort, blue plumbago, or Cape plumbago. Along with being useful for gardening and aesthetics, it offers
noteworthy advantages in the treatment of a variety of ailments. There is no better medicinal plant than
Plumbago auriculata, which is grown commercially and has been shown to have positive therapeutic
effects. With its many therapeutic qualities, the plant is a valuable source of medicinal chemicals. These
qualities include tannins, fixed oils, lipids, proteins, tri-terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids,
and alkaloids. The plumbagins are the main bioactive components of this plant. Historically, this plant has
been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, including warts, fractured bones, wounds, and black water
fever. The roots of the plant in powdered form have been used to treat headaches and stop bad nightmares.
The root is also used as an emetic and as a textile dye. But this plant is in danger of being extinct,
therefore there is a need to find a new way to grow it to solve the issue. The goal of this review is to
present a thorough analysis of Plumbago auriculata, covering its taxonomy, phytochemistry,
pharmacological characteristics, and traditional uses.
Weed Flora Dynamics and Its
Effect on Yield in the Rice-based Crop Areas and Management in India: A
Review
Animesh Gogoi1*,
Rashmi R. Borah1, Iswar Ch. Barua2
1Assam down town university, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India 2Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 785013, India
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most essential staple foods in India, where varieties of rice
species are cultivated in different types of soils under varied environmental conditions. More than 60% of
the world’s seven billion people use rice as their staple food and more than 90% has been consumed in Asia
only. Consequently, by 2030, India needs to produce more than 120 million tons of rice to feed its
one-and-a-half billion-plus population. Weeds in paddy fields cause a major biological threat to higher rice
productivity and quality. The impact of the weeds in the rice fields is significantly high and the reduction
in paddy yields due to weed composition ranges from 9-51 %. It was reported that due to weed infestation,
rice yield decreased by 69% in 2015 and 72% in 2016. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the
weed flora in the rice fields and their positive and negative impact, effect on the production of rice
yield, and management methods.
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar,
East Sikkim 737136, India
2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam 781026, India
Abstract
Herbal preparations have been used in medicines and cosmetics over the past few decades. As ultraviolet (UV)
radiation can cause sunburns, wrinkles, dark spots, premature aging, and cancer, it is essential to protect
the skin from UV radiation and prevent its side effects. Moreover, as skin is the most visible organ it
makes us more cautious about maintaining flawless, glowing, smooth healthy skin. Herbal products are already
gaining attention to protect the skin from aging and sunburns with no serious side effects. Previous studies
have stated that many herbal ingredients impart their photo-protective effects through the regulation of
UV-induced skin inflammation, antioxidant effects, and aging. Additionally, natural components can inhibit
free radical formation neutralize reactive oxygen species, and enhance skin protection from UV rays.
Therefore, the traditional use of herbs in medication and cosmeceuticals is the basis for research and
making new trends in cosmetics by providing effective and cost-efficient skin care products which would be
of great benefit to society. This review focuses on types of UV radiation, the damaging effects of UV
radiation, and the study of different active constituents present in various herbal plants responsible for
photoprotection.
Production of Xanthan gum
Using Food and Beverage Waste and Potential use of Xanthan as an Agar
Substitute
Sujya Loying1, Debanjan Roy1, Jyotismita Sarma1,
Longpok Longkumer1, Titus Datta Borah1 and Biswa Prasun
Chatterji1*
1Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam -
781026, India
Abstract
Xanthan gum, a versatile biopolymer derived from Xanthomonas campestris via fermentation, has
garnered significant attention for its commercial applications in various industries, particularly in food
and cosmetics. However, its production cost remains high due to the expensive carbon sources utilized in
fermentation. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing food and beverage waste, including watermelon
peels, banana peels, bakery waste, and rice starch water, as economical and eco-friendly alternatives for
xanthan fermentation. X. campestris NCIM 2961 was employed for fermentation, and various parameters
such as pH, temperature, incubation period, and agitation were optimized to enhance xanthan yield. Results
indicate that alternative substrates exhibit potential for xanthan production, with certain conditions
yielding comparable or even higher gum yields compared to standard media. Another objective of this study
was to see the potentiality of xanthan gum as an agar substitute. Growth of microorganisms such as E.
coli, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae was successful in xanthan substituted agar plates. This research
underscores the prospect of valorising waste streams for sustainable biopolymer production, offering both
economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords:Xanthan gum, food and beverage, watermelon, banana, bakery, rice water, agar
substitute
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
DEEP LEARNING APPLICATION
Deep Learning Approaches for Handloom Fabric Design Generation and Defect Detection
Anindita Das1, Aniruddha Deka1*
1Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Assam down town University,
Guwahati, Assam -781026, India
Abstract
Handloom design, a venerable art form, involves the meticulous manual weaving of intricate patterns and
motifs on a loom. This sector has played a crucial role in the textile industry, providing numerous
employment opportunities. Recently, deep learning systems have shown remarkable potential in creating
innovative handloom designs that are both visually captivating and distinct from traditional patterns. These
technologies offer a means to standardize the design process, reducing the time and effort involved while
remaining flexible to accommodate new trends. Additionally, advanced visual systems are now capable of
assessing quality, identifying different handloom fibers, and detecting defects, thus addressing the growing
demand for such capabilities. This paper aims to present a foundational framework for an automated system
that generates customer-preferred designs and inspects handloom fabrics for quality and defects. It will
also review the progression of these systems through various research efforts and suggest future directions
for the advancement of automated handloom design technologies.
Keywords:Handloom Fabric, Texture, Generation, Defect Detection, Deep Learning, CNN
REVIEW ARTICLE:
ENSEMBLED PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
Enhancing Patient Outcomes
Through Ensemble Recommendation Systems in Personalized
Medicine
Nisha Sharma1,
Mala Dutta1*
1Faculty of Computer Technology, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam-781026, India
Abstract
Personalized medicine signifies a shift from traditional treatment methods, focusing on individualized
therapeutic strategies based on unique patient profiles. In this context ensemble recommendation systems
have become essential, enhancing decision-making by integrating various datasets and predictive models to
provide precise medical guidance. This review explores the application of these systems in personalized
medicine, emphasizing their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment plans, and predict
drug interactions. We also address challenges related to their deployment, such as data integration, patient
privacy, and algorithmic bias, while examining the regulatory landscape governing their clinical use.
Additionally, the review considers future technological advancements that may enhance the effectiveness of
ensemble recommendation systems. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying areas for further
research along this frontier, this review highlights the transformative role of these systems in advancing
medical treatment protocols.
Keywords:Personalized Medicine, Drug Interaction, Predictive Analytics, Ensemble Learning,
Machine Learning.
REVIEW ARTICLE:
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
Reproductive Health Services:
Moving from Policy to Real Application in India
Debjani Mukherjee1,
2* and Pramod Kumar 2
1Siliguri Institute of Technology, Sukhna Darjeeling, West Bengal-734009,
India 2Faculty of Commerce & Management, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam -781026, India
Abstract
Public health systems in developing nations often face challenges due to structural adjustments, leaving
overburdened institutions with limited resources and ability to address health issues. India faces
reproductive health challenges, including high maternal mortality and a lack of trained birth attendants.
Despite family planning programs HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are disproportionately
emphasized, improvements include infrastructure, policy, and improved communication between women and their
spouses. India's youth population, comprising one-third of the population, has seen the scenario concerning
improvements in health, urbanization, and education. However, the cis-hetero-patriarchal legal system limits
reproductive options. Recent National and state policies have not adequately addressed the sexual and
reproductive health needs of youth, particularly single women, and girls. The National Youth Policy and
National Population Policy lack accessibility to these services, and commercial interventions are often
overlooked. India's majority of constituencies was expected to achieve targets in 2021 for adolescent
pregnancy, poverty, and women's bank accounts, but needs more support for health insurance and gender
inequality.
Keywords:Reproductive health, Health services, Family planning program, ASHAs (Accredited Social
Health Activists)
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Experimental Investigation of
Plasma Arc SS 316L Welds on Metallographic Analysis and Micro-hardness
Distribution
Benjamin Das1,2*
and Nirsanametla Yadaiah1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute
of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh-791109, India 2Directorate of Research, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam -
781026, India.
Abstract
The exceptional mechanical and anti-corrosion qualities of austenitic stainless steel 316L make it a popular
material in manufacturing industry sector. The recent plasma arc welding process development offers
remarkable advantages for fabricating SS 316L-based stainless sheets. The present study evaluated their
metallographic and microhardness properties by analyzing the influence of variable process parameters on the
quality of plasma arc welded joints for 3 mm thick SS 316L plates. The testing was performed under as-welded
conditions. The results show that the cross-sectional geometry of the weld zone is trapezoidal, with a
decreasing width from top to bottom. This is attributed to the top section of the weld receiving more heat
and energy during the welding process. Further, it was observed that if the linear energy is increased
beyond a certain point, the weld area can expand. The formation of cracks can be attributed to the behaviour
of solidification and the rate of thermal strain. Therefore, it is essential to adequately clean the weld
seam before welding to prevent cracking. The microstructure analysis shows step solidification is prevalent
around the heat affected and fusion zone boundary. However, lathy ferrite is identified at the top of the
fusion zone. The grain growth can be depicted as evenly distributed around the fusion zone. Similarly,
equiaxed ferrite and lathy ferrite were found at the top region of the weldment with higher heat input
parameters. The rapid cooling rate, which gradually increases from top to bottom, is responsible for the
changes in the ferrite morphology. The microhardness measurements of the weld zone in the samples using
process parameters (80A, 3.8 m/s, and 23.2 V) and (110 V, 4.2 mm/s, and 20.6 V) show an average magnitude
value of ~ 210 HV and ~ 202 HV, respectively. It is observed that the microhardness increases using process
parameters (80A, 3.8 m/s, and 23.2 V). This is possible because, in contrast to other process parameters,
the faster solidification rate produces a higher fraction of δ-ferrite content and a more refined grain
structure in the weld zone.
Impact of Payload on the
Optimization of Free Vibration Properties of a Kinked Cantilever Robotic Link for
Engineering Applications
Pulakesh Chetia1*
and Nabanita Daimary2
1,2Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam-781026, India
Abstract
In this paper, free vibration characteristics of a kinked cantilever beam have been studied. Frequency
factors and Bending moment for the first mode of the beam are analyzed by varying the payloads at the kink
(mk) and at the tip (mt). The kink angle (δ) is also varied for the present study. For this study, a Taguchi
L16 orthogonal array was used in conjunction with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to determine the best
process parameters for minimizing the frequency factor and maximizing the bending moment to achieve the
desired vibration suppression. ANOVA analysis has also been carried out. The findings revealed that the
payload at the tip i.e. the tip mass (mt) and the payload at the kink i.e. the kink mass (mk) along with the
kink angle (δ) are the most influencing characters to determine the frequency factors and bending moment. A
confirmation experiment has also been performed to verify the results obtained.
Keywords:Tip mass, Kink mass, Kink angle, Frequency Factor, Bending Moment.
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Experimental Analysis of
Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy in a Vertical Milling
Machine
1Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University, Guwahati,
Assam-781026 India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jorhat Engineering College,
Jorhat, Assam 785007 India 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Engineering College,
Guwahati, Assam 781013, India
Abstract
Friction stir welding has the ingenuity to develop high aluminium alloy which sets it apart from fusion
welding. The present work intends to determine the temperature variation and tensile strength of the
Friction stir welding sample by different diameter tools at variable welding speeds. The welding was
performed in Al alloy strips of 4.5 mm thickness. The ultimate tensile strength of the welding is analyzed
at different welding speeds varying from 42 mm/min to 98 mm/min. At low welding speed, the maximum
temperature was generated and reached about 35%-50% of the melting temperature of the Al alloy. The
microstructures have been characterized by an optical microscope and the hardness value by a Vickers
hardness tester. The result showed that the microhardness value is minimal for higher-strength weld
specimens. It has also been observed that the grains of the welded specimen at the thermomechanical affected
zone become finer which in turn enhances the speed.
Keywords:Friction stir welding, Temperature variation, Strength analysis, Microstructure,
Micro-hardness
REVIEW ARTICLE:
NANOMATERIALS
Nano Materials for Flexible
Batteries and Supercapacitors: A Brief Review on its
Development
Samewan Lyngdoh1, Biswajyoti Das1*, TVVLN Rao1
Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and the adverse effects due to their combustion has triggered an energy crisis
worldwide. The research relating to the energy storing devices has picked up momentum recently. Effective
storage of energy is of the utmost necessity from the utilization point of view. Traditionally used
materials for energy storage are not efficient and the self-discharging of the batteries cannot be
restricted. In this regard, the present trend of study comprises the development of a 2D material known as
MXenes, its processing methods, various applications, challenges, and recommendations. MXenes are considered
an efficient energy material for secondary batteries and supercapacitors.
Keywords:Batteries, Energy storage, 2D materials, MXenes, Supercapacitors
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
SOCIAL WORK
Exploring the Impact of
Accessing and Use of Social Capital by Agricultural Entrepreneurs on their
Livelihood Enhancement: A Study in Lower Brahmaputra Valley of Assam,
India
Krishnakhi Choudhury1
* and Kanagaraj Easwaran2
1Faculty of Humanities & Social Science, Assam down town University,
Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
2Department of Social Work, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004,
India
Abstract
This study explores the agricultural farmers' access to and use of social capital in the Lower Brahmaputra
Valley of Assam, a northeastern state of India. Farmers bonding and bridging social capital substantially
impact their livelihood generation and performance enhancement in building entrepreneurship. Social Capital
is the combination of potential resources related to the tenure of a network consisting of organized links
of mutual familiarity and recognition that aid them in gaining a competitive edge from that network. This
paper considers the social capital relation with the farmers in the agriculture sector. Based on such
activities in various agroclimatic zones of the state, the Lower Brahmaputra Valley was selected for the
study. Three hundred and twenty (320) agricultural entrepreneurs were selected and interviewed with the help
of a structured survey schedule from two districts of the Lower Brahmaputra Valley viz, Goalpara and
Bongaigaon. SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data. The respondents confirmed the importance of
social capital (Networking with various departments) in the growth of their agribusiness and in availing
themselves of the benefits. The study provided an overview of utilization of the available social capital by
the farmers in the valley focusing on its dimensions, determinants, and implications for agricultural
practices and rural livelihoods. Results suggest that the access and utilization networking of the social
capital has a considerable impact on entrepreneurial performance. However, the use is found to be still less
than the access to social capital because of the ignorance and lack of awareness of the agricultural
entrepreneurs and sometimes unavailability of the officials in the region. The preliminary findings also
suggest that intricate networks of social relationships, trust, reciprocity, and collective action
characterize social capital among the farmers. Social capital manifests through various forms, including
bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, each playing distinct roles in shaping agricultural practices
and rural development. Factors such as landholding size, education, and participation in community
organizations significantly influence the level and composition of social capital among the farmers. The
study also identified the challenges and constraints that hinder the formation and mobilization of social
capital in the agricultural context in the area. These include issues related to limited access to formal
institutions and extension services. Addressing these challenges requires context-specific interventions
aimed at strengthening social networks, promoting inclusive participation, and enhancing the capacity of
local communities to harness their social capital for sustainable development.
Keywords:Social Capital, Agricultural Entrepreneurship, Lower Brahmaputra Valley, Farmer,
Sustainable Livelihood
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
TOURISM: GREEN INVESTMENT
Green Investments as a Vital
Tool to Maintain the Sustainability of Tourist Destination: Gangtok, Sikkim - A Case
Study
Bidisha Roy1 and
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay2
1Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Faculty of Commerce and Management, Assam down
town University, Guwahati, Assam- 781026, India
Abstract
Tourism serves a pivotal role in economic growth, but the environment and local communities are frequently
threatened by its rapid expansion. The article explains the activities of green investments to maintain
tourist destinations, focusing on Gangtok in Sikkim, a hill state of India. Gangtok considered a
continuously developing tourist destination, needs to maintain a balance between its environmental
preservation, social progress, and economic growth carefully. A case study approach has been applied and the
cost and benefit analysis also compounded in this research article. Secondary data regarding tourism
development was generated from different origins. Data about tourism expansion, different indicators of the
environment, and economic parameters were analysed to recognize the present scenario and probable threats.
The analysis confirms the significance of green investments for the conservation and feasibility of tourism
destinations. Eco-friendly infrastructure, community-based tourism initiatives, renewable energy projects,
and waste management systems all were considered as green investment projects. Additionally, these
initiatives also lowered environmental degradation and improved Gangtok’s desirability as a sustainable
tourist node. The research explained the fiscal growth generated from green investments which include
employability, sound infrastructure, and advance income level. Social capaciousness can be investigated by
elevating the local community’s participation level and responsible tourism practices. Sustainable tourism
enhancement is reflected in the uplifted community engagement, responsible tourism practices, and cultural
preservation. The case study disclosed Gangtok’s current scenario, probable benefits, and various
environmental impact factors for green investment implementation. It also highlights how vital it is for
local communities, businesses, and government agencies to create an all-inclusive and operational
sustainable framework. The outcomes of the analysis can be used by policymakers to formulate concrete plans
to motivate green investments in different tourist locations to ensure a healthy balance between economic
growth and environmental sustainability.
Keywords:Green investment, sustainability, environmental impact, destination management, cost
and benefit
RESEARCH ARTICLE:
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Awareness of Adolescent Girls
on their Reproductive Health, and Issues related to Wellbeing and Empowerment: A
Field Study
Manimugdha Medhi1*
and Khanjurima Saikia1
1Faculty of Humanities & Social Science, Assam down town University,
Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
Abstract
A study was made on the challenges faced by adolescent girls focusing on the issues related to their
reproductive health, education, mental well-being, and empowerment in the Nagaon district of Assam, a
northeastern state of India. A descriptive research design was employed with a convenience sampling method
and questionnaire-based data collection. The study reveals that virtually all adolescent girls encounter the
problems and challenges related to the above-mentioned conditions and duly recognize the importance of
addressing these issues for societal progress. The key findings of the study emphasize the need for
community participation and collaboration in raising awareness about the challenges encountered by
adolescent girls. The research underscored the significance of understanding the problems, causes, and
consequences affecting teenage girls. It also highlights the importance of sensitizing teenage and
adolescent girls about their reproductive health and menstruation, enriching them with the required
scientific knowledge for empowerment, and enabling them to become independent and acquire and build
self-confidence among them. The study yielded valuable insights into the lives of adolescent girls in the
region. The research outcome could explain and identify the critical need for targeted intervention to
support the well-being and development of adolescent girls.
Keywords:Adolescents, Reproductive health, Community participation, Mental and physical
health.
RESEARCH SHORT
COMMUNICATION:
ORGAN DONATION AWARENESS
Knowledge and Attitude Among
College Students in Selected Communities Towards Organ
Donation
Manashi
Sengupta1*
1Faculty of Nursing, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam-781026,
India
Abstract
Organ donation is giving organs or tissues to help patients who need transplants. It can occur from living
or deceased donors and is crucial in saving lives and improving health for patients with organ failure. This
practice is a highly advanced method for curing fatal diseases. A descriptive study was conducted to assess
the level of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among college students of selected communities
in Assam and to determine the association of pretest knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables. A
quantitative research approach was employed to conduct the study among 70 college students (11th and 12th
standard) residing in Bhaihata, Kamrup (R) district of Assam, in July 2023. Non-probability convenience
sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire
and a 3-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Out of 70
participants, 47% had adequate knowledge, 46% had moderate knowledge, and 7% had inadequate knowledge
regarding organ donation. Furthermore, 66% of the participants exhibited a desirable attitude, 29% had a
moderately desirable attitude, and 6% had an undesirable attitude towards organ donation. The findings
indicate that the majority of participants had adequate knowledge and a desirable attitude toward organ
donation. There was a significant association of knowledge with the selected demographic variables. Thus,
the study concludes that college students possess good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward organ
donation.
Keywords:Organ Donation, Knowledge, Attitude.
COMMENTARY:
MASS COMMUNICATION
When ‘Vision’ Makes Up for
the Lack of Sight: Review of the Biopic “Srikanth”
Sakshi Kaushik1
and Pankaj Garg1 *
1Chitkara School of Mass Communication, Chitkara University, Rajpura,
Punjab -140401, India
Abstract
Srikanth, the film (Biopic), attempts to glimpse Srikanth’s state of mind when success blurs the line
between right and wrong. Srikanth shuns cloying melodrama to tell an inspirational story that is witty and
winsome in parts and probes the mental architecture of a visually impaired person in some measure. And,
along the way, the film slips in an important message to not treat a person with a disability as helpless –
but engage with him or her as an equal. However, after a point, the biopic becomes a lesson that the makers
want to teach to the people of an ableist world, with a smirk. Based on the dictum that every idea is blind
as long as it is not put into practice, writers Jagdeep Siddhu and Sumit Purohit delineate the difference
between sight and vision with a blunt knife as they take us into the heartwarming struggle of Srikanth with
social stereotypes to become a role model for every Indian. Srikanth turned his disability into strength,
defying all odds, he started his own company Bollant Industries which churns out employment opportunities
for especially abled persons. He inspires the world with his entrepreneurial story and often says,
"Disability is when you have sight, but do not have vision." Srikanth’s conviction does not need eyes, his
vision becomes his identity. His never-dying spirit makes him an inspiration for the people who have lost
hope in their lives the story of Srikanth becomes a hug of hope for people.
